Children are naturally curious, playful, and vulnerable. These traits, while a part of their healthy development, also expose them to a variety of health emergencies. Among these, one type of crisis consistently stands out in emergency rooms across the world. So, what is the most common pediatric emergency? The answer is febrile seizures.

Febrile Seizures: The Most Common Pediatric Emergency

Febrile seizures—seizures triggered by fever—are the leading cause of emergency visits among children aged 6 months to 5 years. Though they can be extremely frightening to witness, most are harmless and resolve on their own.

Why Are Febrile Seizures So Common?

These seizures are not caused by epilepsy, but rather by a sudden rise in body temperature, often due to infections.

• 1. Fever-Triggered Brain Activity A spike in temperature can disrupt the electrical activity in a child’s developing brain.
• 2. Viral and Bacterial Infections Common illnesses like flu, roseola, ear infections, or even a post-vaccination fever can trigger a febrile seizure.
• 3. Genetic Susceptibility If a parent or sibling had febrile seizures, the child has a higher risk of experiencing them too.
• 4. Immature Nervous System A child’s brain is still developing, making it more sensitive to high fevers.
• 5. Sudden Temperature Change The speed at which the fever rises—rather than how high it gets—is often the real trigger.

Types of Febrile Seizures

• Simple Febrile Seizure – Lasts less than 15 minutes and doesn’t recur within 24 hours.
• Complex Febrile Seizure – Lasts longer, may recur, and affects one side of the body.
• Status Epilepticus – A seizure lasting over 30 minutes; requires urgent intervention.

When to Seek Urgent Care

The bedding may appear too small to contain the fear when your child suddenly stiffens, jerks, and loses consciousness. But not every seizure is dangerous. Knowing when to act—and staying composed—can be life-saving.